==================================================
• East India Association was founded in 1866 by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.
• Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1870.
• Indian Association was founded in 1876 by Surendranath Banerjea and Ananda Mohan Bose.
• Madras Mahajana Sabha was founded in 1884.
• Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1885.
• Indian National Congress was founded in 1885.
• The first session of the INC was held at Bombay.
• W.C. Bonnerjee was the first President of the INC.
• The first INC session was attended by 72 delegates.
• A.O. Hume played an important role in the establishment of the INC.
• Dadabhai Naoroji is associated with the Drain Theory.
• Dadabhai Naoroji founded the East India Association.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society in 1905.
• Pherozeshah Mehta is associated with Moderate nationalism and constitutional politics.
• Surendranath Banerjea founded the Indian Association.
• Moderates primarily used petitions, resolutions, speeches and constitutional agitation.
• Moderate nationalism was especially dominant during 1885–1905.
• Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878.
• Ilbert Bill controversy occurred in 1883.
• Indian Councils Act was passed in 1892.
• Indian Councils Act, 1909 is popularly known as the Morley–Minto Reforms.
• The Morley–Minto Reforms introduced separate electorates.
• Government of India Act, 1919 introduced Dyarchy in the provinces.
• Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.
• Government of India Act, 1935 introduced Provincial Autonomy.
• Indian Independence Act was passed in 1947.
• Bengal was partitioned in 1905 by Lord Curzon.
• The Swadeshi Movement emerged as a response to the Partition of Bengal.
• Swadeshi promoted the use of indigenous goods.
• Boycott involved rejection of foreign goods and institutions.
• National education became an important programme of the Swadeshi phase.
• The Partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911.
• The anti-partition movement contributed to the growth of Assertive Nationalism.
• Swadeshi expanded nationalism beyond elite constitutional politics.
• The famous Lal–Bal–Pal trio consisted of:
Lala Lajpat Rai Bal Gangadhar Tilak Bipin Chandra Pal.
• Tilak was associated with the demand for Swaraj.
• Tilak was an important leader of the Home Rule Movement.
• Bipin Chandra Pal was strongly associated with the Swadeshi Movement.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was an important leader of nationalist politics in Punjab.
• Assertive Nationalists supported Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education.
• Assertive politics emphasised more active methods of political mobilisation.
• The Surat Split occurred in 1907.
• The split took place between Moderates and Assertive Nationalists.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was an important Assertive Nationalist leader.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was associated with Moderate nationalism.
• The split temporarily weakened Congress unity.
• Congress reunification became possible before the Lucknow Session of 1916.
• Revolutionary nationalism developed strongly in Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab and among Indian communities abroad.
• Anushilan Samiti was associated with revolutionary activities in Bengal.
• Jugantar was associated with revolutionary nationalism in Bengal.
• Aurobindo Ghosh and Barindra Kumar Ghosh were associated with the Jugantar revolutionary phase.
• Satish Chandra Pramatha Mitra is associated with Anushilan Samiti.
• Abhinav Bharat was associated with V.D. Savarkar.
• Shyamji Krishna Varma established India House in London.
• India House became an important centre of revolutionary nationalism abroad.
• Lala Har Dayal was associated with the Ghadar Movement.
• The Ghadar Movement developed among overseas Indians.
• The Kakori incident occurred in 1925.
• Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan are associated with the Kakori revolutionary case.
• Bhagat Singh was associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
• Chandrashekhar Azad was also associated with the HSRA.
• The Home Rule Movement emerged in 1916.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak led one Home Rule League.
• Annie Besant led the All India Home Rule League.
• The movement demanded self-government for India.
• The Home Rule Movement revived nationalist political activity after the Surat Split.
• The Lucknow Session took place in 1916.
• The Congress and Muslim League reached the Lucknow Pact in 1916.
• The Lucknow phase was associated with Congress reunification.
• The Home Rule Movement and the Lucknow developments strengthened nationalist mobilisation.
• Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915.
• Champaran Satyagraha took place in 1917.
• Ahmedabad Mill Strike took place in 1918.
• Kheda Satyagraha took place in 1918.
• Rajendra Prasad was associated with the Champaran struggle.
• Vallabhbhai Patel was associated with the Kheda Satyagraha.
• Gandhi's early struggles demonstrated the use of Satyagraha in Indian conditions.
• Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919.
• Gandhi launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha.
• The Rowlatt agitation represented Gandhi's first major all-India political mobilisation.
• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred in 1919.
• The massacre took place at Amritsar.
• Jallianwala Bagh created widespread national outrage.
• The events of 1919 contributed directly to the growth of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920.
• Mahatma Gandhi was the principal leader of the movement.
• The Indian National Congress provided the major political platform.
• The movement involved boycott of colonial institutions.
• Surrender of titles was part of the programme.
• Boycott of foreign goods was part of the movement.
• The movement was linked with the Khilafat issue.
• The movement was withdrawn in 1922.
• The immediate context for withdrawal was the Chauri Chaura incident.
• Swaraj Party was formed in 1923.
• C.R. Das was one of its principal leaders.
• Motilal Nehru was one of its principal leaders.
• The Swarajists favoured entry into legislative councils.
• Their strategy included obstructing colonial administration from within the councils.
• Simon Commission was appointed in 1927.
• The Commission faced widespread opposition in India.
• A major reason was the absence of Indian members.
• "Simon Go Back" became associated with anti-Simon protests.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was associated with the anti-Simon agitation.
• Nehru Report was produced in 1928.
• The Nehru Report represented an Indian constitutional response to the Simon Commission issue.
• Bardoli Satyagraha took place in 1928.
• Vallabhbhai Patel was the principal leader.
• The movement was connected with opposition to enhanced land revenue.
• The success of the movement strengthened Patel's national reputation.
• Patel became popularly known as "Sardar" after the Bardoli struggle.
• The Lahore Session of the INC was held in 1929.
• Jawaharlal Nehru was the President of the Lahore Session.
• The Congress adopted the goal of Purna Swaraj.
• 26 January 1930 was observed as Independence Day.
• Purna Swaraj marked a decisive shift towards the demand for complete independence.
• Civil Disobedience began in 1930.
• Gandhi's Dandi March became the symbolic beginning of the movement.
• The movement was associated with the violation of the Salt Laws.
• Salt was chosen as an issue because of its wide relevance to ordinary people.
• Civil Disobedience involved deliberate violation of colonial laws.
• The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in 1931.
• Gandhi participated in the Second Round Table Conference.
• Civil Disobedience was later resumed.
• The movement was finally withdrawn in 1934.
• The Karachi Session was held in 1931.
• Vallabhbhai Patel presided over the session.
• The session adopted resolutions on Fundamental Rights.
• It also adopted a National Economic Programme.
• The Karachi Session linked political freedom with economic and social objectives.
• Communal Award was announced in 1932.
• It generated major political controversy regarding representation.
• Gandhi opposed separate electorates for the Depressed Classes.
• The Poona Pact was concluded in 1932.
• B.R. Ambedkar was a key party to the Poona Pact.
• The Poona Pact modified the proposed system of political representation.
• Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1934.
• Jayaprakash Narayan was associated with it.
• Acharya Narendra Dev was associated with it.
• It represented the growth of socialist ideas within the broader nationalist movement.
• Government of India Act was passed in 1935.
• Provincial Autonomy was one of its important features.
• Provincial elections were held in 1937.
• Congress formed ministries in several provinces.
• Congress gained valuable administrative experience through the provincial ministries.
• Subhas Chandra Bose was President of the Haripura Congress in 1938.
• Bose faced a major political crisis at the Tripuri Session in 1939.
• He subsequently left the Congress presidency.
• Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939.
• The Forward Bloc represented an attempt to consolidate left-wing nationalist forces.
• Second World War began in 1939.
• Congress opposed India's involvement without Indian political consent.
• Congress ministries resigned in 1939.
• August Offer was made in 1940.
• Individual Satyagraha began in 1940.
• Vinoba Bhave was the first Individual Satyagrahi.
• Quit India Movement was launched in 1942.
• The movement followed the failure of the Cripps Mission.
• Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan "Do or Die".
• The Indian National Congress was the principal political platform.
• Major Congress leaders were arrested soon after the movement began.
• Underground resistance became an important feature.
• Jayaprakash Narayan was associated with underground activities.
• Ram Manohar Lohia was associated with underground resistance.
• Aruna Asaf Ali played an important role during the movement.
• Subhas Chandra Bose reorganised and led the INA in its major phase.
• The INA was associated with armed struggle against British rule.
• Bose established the Azad Hind Government in 1943.
• The INA became an important symbol of militant nationalism.
• INA trials in 1945 generated widespread nationalist sympathy.
• INA Trials took place in the final phase of British rule.
• The Royal Indian Navy Revolt occurred in 1946.
• The Cabinet Mission came to India in 1946.
• India became independent in 1947.
• The Indian Independence Act was passed in 1947.
• Independence was accompanied by Partition.
Dadabhai Naoroji → East India Association.
Surendranath Banerjea → Indian Association.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale → Servants of India Society.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak → Home Rule League.
Annie Besant → All India Home Rule League.
P. Mitra → Anushilan Samiti.
Aurobindo Ghosh → Jugantar phase.
V.D. Savarkar → Abhinav Bharat.
Shyamji Krishna Varma → India House.
Lala Har Dayal → Ghadar Movement.
C.R. Das → Swaraj Party.
Motilal Nehru → Swaraj Party.
Bhagat Singh → HSRA.
Jayaprakash Narayan → Congress Socialist Party.
Subhas Chandra Bose → Forward Bloc + INA.
1866 → East India Association.
1876 → Indian Association.
1885 → Indian National Congress.
1905 → Partition of Bengal + Swadeshi.
1907 → Surat Split.
1909 → Morley–Minto Reforms.
1911 → Annulment of Bengal Partition.
1915 → Gandhi returned to India.
1916 → Home Rule + Lucknow Pact.
1917 → Champaran.
1918 → Ahmedabad + Kheda.
1919 → Rowlatt Act + Jallianwala Bagh.
1920 → Non-Cooperation.
1922 → Chauri Chaura + Withdrawal.
1923 → Swaraj Party.
1927 → Simon Commission.
1928 → Bardoli + Nehru Report.
1929 → Purna Swaraj.
1930 → Dandi March + Civil Disobedience.
1931 → Karachi Session + Gandhi–Irwin Pact.
1932 → Communal Award + Poona Pact.
1934 → Congress Socialist Party.
1935 → Government of India Act.
1937 → Provincial Elections + Congress Ministries.
1939 → World War II + Forward Bloc.
1940 → August Offer + Individual Satyagraha.
1942 → Cripps Mission + Quit India.
1943 → Azad Hind Government.
1945 → INA Trials.
1946 → RIN Revolt + Cabinet Mission.
1947 → Independence + Partition.
INDIAN ASSOCIATION → 1876 → Surendranath Banerjea + Ananda Mohan Bose.
INC → 1885 → First President: W.C. Bonnerjee.
SWADESHI → 1905 → Partition of Bengal.
SURAT SPLIT → 1907.
MORLEY–MINTO REFORMS → 1909 → Separate Electorates.
HOME RULE → 1916.
LUCKNOW PACT → 1916.
ROWLATT ACT → 1919.
NON-COOPERATION → 1920–22.
SWARAJ PARTY → 1923.
SIMON COMMISSION → 1927.
BARDOLI → 1928 → Vallabhbhai Patel.
PURNA SWARAJ → 1929 → Jawaharlal Nehru.
DANDI MARCH → 1930.
KARACHI SESSION → 1931 → Fundamental Rights + Economic Programme.
POONA PACT → 1932 → Gandhi + Ambedkar.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT → 1935 → Provincial Autonomy.
FORWARD BLOC → 1939 → Subhas Bose.
QUIT INDIA → 1942.
AZAD HIND GOVERNMENT → 1943.
RIN REVOLT → 1946.
For every fact, remember:
YEAR + EVENT + LEADER + ORGANISATION + SIGNIFICANCE.
Example:
1905 + Partition of Bengal + Tilak / Pal / Aurobindo / Surendranath + Swadeshi mobilisation + Rise of assertive and mass nationalism.
