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BRITISH CONSOLIDATION ↓ EARLY RESISTANCE ↓ SOCIAL AND POLITICAL AWAKENING ↓ FORMATION OF CONGRESS ↓ MODERATE NATIONALISM ↓ ASSERTIVE NATIONALISM ↓ REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM ↓ GANDHIAN MASS MOVEMENTS ↓ QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT ↓ INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION.
1757 → Battle of Plassey.
1764 → Battle of Buxar.
1773 → Regulating Act.
1784 → Pitt's India Act.
1813 → Charter Act.
1828 → Brahmo Samaj founded.
1829 → Abolition of Sati.
1833 → Charter Act.
1853 → First railway in India. → Charter Act.
1857 → Revolt of 1857.
1858 → Government of India Act. → Beginning of Crown Rule.
1861 → Indian Councils Act.
1875 → Arya Samaj founded. → Aligarh Movement gains momentum.
1876 → Indian National Association.
1878 → Vernacular Press Act. → Arms Act.
1883 → Ilbert Bill controversy.
1885 → Indian National Congress founded.
1889 → First session of the Second International. (International context.)
1892 → Indian Councils Act.
1893 → Gandhi begins political work in South Africa.
1905 → Partition of Bengal. → Beginning of Swadeshi Movement.
1906 → Calcutta Congress. → Swaraj declared as an important goal.
1907 → Surat Split.
1909 → Morley-Minto Reforms. → Separate Electorates.
1911 → Partition of Bengal annulled. → Capital shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
1914 → First World War begins.
1915 → Gandhi returns to India. → Ghadar Movement-related revolutionary activities.
1916 → Lucknow Pact. → Home Rule Leagues.
1917 → Champaran Satyagraha.
1918 → Kheda Satyagraha. → Ahmedabad Mill Strike. → First World War ends.
1919 → Rowlatt Act. → Rowlatt Satyagraha. → Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. → Government of India Act, 1919.
1920 → Non-Cooperation Movement begins. → Khilafat Movement joins nationalist politics.
1922 → Chauri Chaura incident. → Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement.
1923 → Swaraj Party formed.
1925 → Kakori Action.
1927 → Simon Commission appointed.
1928 → Simon Commission protests. → Nehru Report. → Bardoli Satyagraha.
1929 → Lahore Session of Congress. → Purna Swaraj declared.
1930 → Civil Disobedience Movement begins. → Dandi March. → Chittagong Armoury Raid.
1931 → Gandhi-Irwin Pact. → Second Round Table Conference.
1932 → Communal Award. → Poona Pact. → Civil Disobedience resumes.
1934 → Civil Disobedience Movement withdrawn.
1935 → Government of India Act.
1937 → Provincial Elections. → Congress Ministries formed.
1939 → Second World War begins. → Congress Ministries resign.
1940 → August Offer. → Individual Satyagraha begins.
1942 → Cripps Mission. → Quit India Movement.
1943 → Azad Hind Government formed.
1945 → Second World War ends. → INA trials begin.
1946 → Cabinet Mission. → Direct Action Day. → Interim Government. → Royal Indian Navy Revolt.
1947 → Mountbatten Plan. → Indian Independence Act. → Partition. → Independence.
1757 → BATTLE OF PLASSEY
Significance:
British political influence begins to expand significantly in Bengal.
1764 → BATTLE OF BUXAR
Significance:
Strengthened British political and military position in India.
MASTER MAP:
PLASSEY ↓ BRITISH INFLUENCE IN BENGAL ↓ BUXAR ↓ CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH POWER.
1828 → BRAHMO SAMAJ.
1829 → ABOLITION OF SATI.
1875 → ARYA SAMAJ.
These developments contributed to:
SOCIAL REFORM ↓ INTELLECTUAL AWAKENING ↓ MODERN POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS.
1876 → Indian National Association.
1885 → Indian National Congress.
CHRONOLOGY:
POLITICAL ASSOCIATIONS ↓ ALL-INDIA POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS ↓ INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS.
1885 → Congress founded.
1885–1905 → Moderate phase of the Congress.
1892 → Indian Councils Act.
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS:
1905 → Partition of Bengal. → Swadeshi Movement begins.
1905–1908 → High phase of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement.
1906 → Calcutta Congress. → Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education gain prominence.
1907 → Surat Split.
1911 → Partition of Bengal annulled.
MASTER CHRONOLOGY:
PARTITION OF BENGAL ↓ SWADESHI + BOYCOTT ↓ MASS PARTICIPATION ↓ ASSERTIVE NATIONALISM ↓ SURAT SPLIT.
EARLY PHASE:
1902–1908 → Growth of revolutionary organisations in Bengal and Maharashtra.
1905 → Swadeshi-era radicalisation.
1909 → Madan Lal Dhingra's assassination of Curzon Wyllie.
1912 → Attempt on Viceroy Hardinge.
1915 → Ghadar-related revolutionary activities.
1925 → Kakori Action.
1928 → Saunders assassination.
1929 → Central Legislative Assembly Bomb Case.
1930 → Chittagong Armoury Raid.
1931 → Execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev.
MASTER EVOLUTION:
SECRET SOCIETIES ↓ REGIONAL REVOLUTIONARY ACTION ↓ INTERNATIONAL NETWORKS ↓ GHADAR ↓ HRA ↓ HSRA.
1915 → Gandhi returns to India.
1917 → Champaran Satyagraha.
1918 → Ahmedabad Mill Strike. → Kheda Satyagraha.
CHRONOLOGY:
GANDHI RETURNS ↓ CHAMPARAN ↓ AHMEDABAD ↓ KHEDA ↓ NATIONAL LEADERSHIP.
1919
ROWLATT ACT ↓ ROWLATT SATYAGRAHA ↓ JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE ↓ NATIONAL OUTRAGE ↓ EXPANSION OF MASS NATIONALISM.
1920 → Non-Cooperation Movement begins.
1920 → Khilafat and Non-Cooperation combine.
1922 → Chauri Chaura incident.
1922 → Non-Cooperation Movement withdrawn.
CHRONOLOGY:
ROWLATT REPRESSION ↓ JALLIANWALA BAGH ↓ NON-COOPERATION ↓ MASS MOBILISATION ↓ CHAURI CHAURA ↓ WITHDRAWAL.
1923 → Swaraj Party formed.
1925 → Kakori Action.
1927 → Simon Commission.
1928 → Simon Go Back Movement. → Nehru Report. → Bardoli Satyagraha.
1929 → Lahore Congress. → Purna Swaraj.
MASTER MAP:
NON-COOPERATION WITHDRAWAL ↓ POLITICAL REORGANISATION ↓ SIMON COMMISSION PROTESTS ↓ NEHRU REPORT ↓ PURN A SWARAJ.
1930 → Dandi March. → Civil Disobedience Movement begins.
1931 → Gandhi-Irwin Pact. → Second Round Table Conference.
1932 → Civil Disobedience resumes.
1934 → Civil Disobedience withdrawn.
MASTER CHRONOLOGY:
PURN A SWARAJ ↓ DANDI MARCH ↓ CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE ↓ GANDHI-IRWIN PACT ↓ SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE ↓ RESUMPTION ↓ WITHDRAWAL.
1909 → Separate Electorates.
1919 → Dyarchy in Provinces.
1927 → Simon Commission.
1928 → Nehru Report.
1935 → Provincial Autonomy.
1937 → Provincial Elections.
1939 → Congress Ministries resign.
1939 → Second World War begins. → India involved without prior consultation with Indian leaders. → Congress Ministries resign.
1940 → August Offer. → Individual Satyagraha.
1942 → Cripps Mission. → Quit India Movement.
MASTER MAP:
WORLD WAR II ↓ POLITICAL CRISIS ↓ CRIPPS MISSION FAILURE ↓ QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT.
1942 → Quit India Resolution.
IMPORTANT SLOGAN:
DO OR DIE.
EVENT:
Mass arrests of national leaders followed.
IMPACT:
CHRONOLOGY:
CRIPPS MISSION FAILURE ↓ QUIT INDIA RESOLUTION ↓ LEADERS ARRESTED ↓ MASS RESISTANCE + UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT.
1943 → Azad Hind Government.
1945 → INA trials. → Second World War ends.
1946 → Royal Indian Navy Revolt. → Cabinet Mission. → Interim Government. → Direct Action Day.
1947 → Mountbatten Plan. → Indian Independence Act. → Partition. → Independence.
MASTER MAP:
WORLD WAR II ENDS ↓ INA TRIALS + POPULAR SYMPATHY ↓ NAVAL REVOLT ↓ CABINET MISSION ↓ POLITICAL NEGOTIATIONS ↓ PARTITION + INDEPENDENCE.
1757 → Plassey.
1764 → Buxar.
1857 → Revolt.
1885 → INC.
1905 → Partition of Bengal + Swadeshi.
1907 → Surat Split.
1909 → Separate Electorates.
1911 → Partition annulled + Capital shifted.
1915 → Gandhi returns.
1916 → Lucknow Pact + Home Rule.
1917 → Champaran.
1919 → Rowlatt + Jallianwala + GOI Act.
1920 → Non-Cooperation.
1922 → Chauri Chaura.
1927 → Simon Commission.
1929 → Purna Swaraj.
1930 → Dandi March + Civil Disobedience.
1932 → Communal Award + Poona Pact.
1935 → Government of India Act.
1937 → Provincial Elections.
1939 → World War II + Resignation of Ministries.
1942 → Quit India Movement.
1946 → Cabinet Mission + Naval Revolt.
1947 → Independence + Partition.
CHAIN 1:
PARTITION OF BENGAL ↓ SWADESHI ↓ SURAT SPLIT ↓ MORLEY-MINTO REFORMS.
CHAIN 2:
HOME RULE ↓ LUCKNOW PACT ↓ GANDHI'S MASS POLITICS ↓ ROWLATT SATYAGRAHA.
CHAIN 3:
ROWLATT ACT ↓ JALLIANWALA BAGH ↓ NON-COOPERATION ↓ CHAURI CHAURA.
CHAIN 4:
SIMON COMMISSION ↓ NEHRU REPORT ↓ PURN A SWARAJ ↓ DANDI MARCH.
CHAIN 5:
WORLD WAR II ↓ AUGUST OFFER ↓ CRIPPS MISSION ↓ QUIT INDIA.
CHAIN 6:
INA TRIALS ↓ NAVAL REVOLT ↓ CABINET MISSION ↓ INDEPENDENCE.
TRAP 1:
Partition of Bengal was annulled before the Surat Split.
WRONG.
1905 → Partition.
1907 → Surat Split.
1911 → Partition annulled.
TRAP 2:
Purna Swaraj was declared after the Dandi March.
WRONG.
1929 → Purna Swaraj.
1930 → Dandi March.
TRAP 3:
Non-Cooperation was withdrawn before Chauri Chaura.
WRONG.
1922 → Chauri Chaura. ↓ Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation.
TRAP 4:
Quit India began before the Cripps Mission.
WRONG.
1942 → Cripps Mission. ↓ Quit India Movement.
TRAP 5:
Government of India Act, 1935 came after provincial elections.
WRONG.
1935 → Act.
1937 → Elections.
TRAP 6:
Cabinet Mission came before INA trials.
WRONG.
1945 → INA trials.
1946 → Cabinet Mission.
1757 → Plassey.
1764 → Buxar.
1857 → Revolt.
1885 → Congress.
1905 → Partition + Swadeshi.
1907 → Surat Split.
1909 → Separate Electorates.
1911 → Bengal reunification.
1916 → Lucknow Pact + Home Rule.
1917 → Champaran.
1919 → Rowlatt + Jallianwala.
1920 → Non-Cooperation.
1922 → Chauri Chaura.
1927 → Simon Commission.
1929 → Purna Swaraj.
1930 → Dandi March.
1932 → Poona Pact.
1935 → Government of India Act.
1937 → Elections.
1939 → World War II.
1942 → Quit India.
1946 → Cabinet Mission + Naval Revolt.
1947 → Independence.
The chronology of the Indian national movement reveals a gradual transition from early political awakening and constitutional demands to Swadeshi-era mass mobilisation, revolutionary nationalism, Gandhian mass movements and finally a decisive struggle for independence culminating in the transfer of power in 1947.
