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Revolutionary Nationalism developed through different organisations across India and abroad.
The major centres included:
MASTER MAP:
REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM ↓ INDIA + INTERNATIONAL CENTRES ↓ REGIONAL ORGANISATIONS ↓ WIDER ANTI-COLONIAL NETWORK.
BENGAL │ ├── ANUSHILAN SAMITI │ ├── JUGANTAR │ └── CHITTAGONG REVOLUTIONARY GROUP
MAHARASHTRA │ └── ABHINAV BHARAT
PUNJAB / NORTH INDIA │ ├── HINDUSTAN REPUBLICAN ASSOCIATION (HRA) │ └── HINDUSTAN SOCIALIST REPUBLICAN ASSOCIATION (HSRA)
LONDON │ └── INDIA HOUSE
NORTH AMERICA │ └── GHADAR MOVEMENT
JAPAN │ └── REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH RASH BEHARI BOSE
EUROPE │ └── REVOLUTIONARY PROPAGANDA NETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH MADAM BHIKAJI CAMA.
Bengal was one of the earliest and most important centres of Revolutionary Nationalism.
IMPORTANT ORGANISATIONS:
ANUSHILAN SAMITI + JUGANTAR + CHITTAGONG REVOLUTIONARY GROUP.
REGION:
Bengal.
CHARACTER:
Secret revolutionary organisation.
ROLE:
MAP:
BENGAL ↓ ANUSHILAN SAMITI ↓ REVOLUTIONARY ORGANISATION.
REGION:
Bengal.
CHARACTER:
Revolutionary organisation and network.
IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS:
MAP:
BENGAL ↓ JUGANTAR ↓ ORGANISED REVOLUTIONARY RESISTANCE.
REGION:
Chittagong, Bengal Presidency.
IMPORTANT LEADER:
Surya Sen.
IMPORTANT EVENT:
Chittagong Armoury Raid — 1930.
MAP:
BENGAL ↓ CHITTAGONG ↓ REVOLUTIONARY GROUP ↓ CHITTAGONG ARMOURY RAID.
The important revolutionary organisation associated with Maharashtra was:
ABHINAV BHARAT.
IMPORTANT LEADERS:
ROLE:
MAP:
MAHARASHTRA ↓ ABHINAV BHARAT ↓ REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM.
The most important revolutionary centre in Britain was:
INDIA HOUSE.
LOCATION:
London.
FOUNDER:
Shyamji Krishna Varma.
IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS:
ROLE:
MAP:
LONDON ↓ INDIA HOUSE ↓ INDIAN REVOLUTIONARY NETWORK ↓ INTERNATIONAL PROPAGANDA.
The major revolutionary organisation associated with Indian migrants in North America was:
GHADAR MOVEMENT.
IMPORTANT CENTRES:
IMPORTANT LEADERS:
ROLE:
MAP:
NORTH AMERICA ↓ GHADAR MOVEMENT ↓ INDIAN DIASPORA MOBILISATION ↓ REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE.
North India became an important centre of organised revolutionary activity during the 1920s.
The two major organisations were:
HRA ↓ HSRA.
ABBREVIATION:
HRA.
REGION:
Primarily North India.
IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS:
IMPORTANT EVENT:
Kakori Action — 1925.
MAP:
NORTH INDIA ↓ HRA ↓ ORGANISED REVOLUTIONARY ACTION.
ABBREVIATION:
HSRA.
REGION:
Primarily North India, with wider revolutionary networks.
IMPORTANT LEADERS:
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC:
Greater emphasis on:
ANTI-IMPERIALISM + SOCIALIST IDEAS.
MAP:
NORTH INDIA ↓ HSRA ↓ REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM + SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY.
Punjab was an important region for revolutionary nationalism, particularly because of its connection with:
THE GHADAR MOVEMENT.
The Ghadar Movement had a strong international base, but many of its revolutionaries originated from Punjab.
IMPORTANT ASSOCIATIONS:
MAP:
PUNJAB + INDIAN DIASPORA ↓ GHADAR MOVEMENT.
Japan became an important overseas centre for revolutionary nationalist activities.
The most important association was:
RASH BEHARI BOSE.
ROLE:
MAP:
INDIA ↓ RASH BEHARI BOSE ↓ JAPAN ↓ INTERNATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY NETWORK.
Europe was an important centre of revolutionary propaganda.
IMPORTANT ASSOCIATION:
MADAM BHIKAJI CAMA.
ROLE:
MAP:
INDIA ↓ EUROPE ↓ REVOLUTIONARY PROPAGANDA ↓ INTERNATIONAL AWARENESS.
INDIAN CENTRES
BENGAL → Anushilan Samiti. → Jugantar. → Chittagong revolutionary activities.
MAHARASHTRA → Abhinav Bharat.
PUNJAB / NORTH INDIA → Ghadar-linked revolutionaries. → HRA. → HSRA.
OVERSEAS CENTRES
LONDON → India House.
NORTH AMERICA → Ghadar Movement.
JAPAN → Rash Behari Bose.
EUROPE → Madam Bhikaji Cama and revolutionary propaganda.
EARLY REGIONAL REVOLUTIONARY GROUPS ↓
ANUSHILAN SAMITI + JUGANTAR ↓
ABHINAV BHARAT ↓
INDIA HOUSE ↓
GHADAR MOVEMENT ↓
HRA ↓
HSRA.
MASTER TREND:
REGIONAL SECRET SOCIETIES ↓ INTERNATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKS ↓ ORGANISED REPUBLICAN MOVEMENT ↓ SOCIALIST REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS.
ORGANISATION MAIN REGION
Anushilan Samiti Bengal
Jugantar Bengal
Chittagong Revolutionary Group Chittagong, Bengal Presidency
Abhinav Bharat Maharashtra
India House London, Britain
Ghadar Movement North America + Indian diaspora
HRA North India
HSRA North India + wider networks
TRAP 1:
India House → India.
WRONG.
India House was located in:
→ London.
TRAP 2:
Ghadar Movement → Only Punjab.
WRONG.
The movement had strong connections with Punjab but developed prominently among Indian migrants in:
→ North America.
TRAP 3:
HSRA → Bengal organisation.
WRONG.
HSRA developed primarily through revolutionary networks in:
→ North India.
TRAP 4:
Abhinav Bharat → Bengal.
WRONG.
Abhinav Bharat was associated mainly with:
→ Maharashtra.
TRAP 5:
Jugantar → Punjab.
WRONG.
Jugantar was associated with:
→ Bengal.
TRAP 6:
HRA and HSRA were unrelated organisations.
WRONG.
HSRA represented an important later development in the evolution of North Indian revolutionary organisation.
BENGAL → Anushilan Samiti. → Jugantar. → Chittagong group.
MAHARASHTRA → Abhinav Bharat.
LONDON → India House.
NORTH AMERICA → Ghadar Movement.
NORTH INDIA → HRA. → HSRA.
JAPAN → Rash Behari Bose.
EUROPE → Madam Bhikaji Cama.
REVOLUTIONARY NATIONALISM
│
┌─────────────────────┼─────────────────────┐
│ │ │
INDIA LONDON NORTH AMERICA
│ │ │
│ INDIA HOUSE GHADAR
│
┌──────┼────────┬──────────────┐ │ │ │ │ BENGAL MAHARASHTRA NORTH INDIA │ │ │ │ ABHINAV BHARAT HRA │ │ ANUSHILAN + JUGANTAR HSRA │ CHITTAGONG GROUP
↓
REGIONAL REVOLUTIONARY NETWORKS + INTERNATIONAL CENTRES ↓
WIDER ANTI-COLONIAL RESISTANCE.